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Trickling, Misting, Spraying, Cascading, Plunging . . .
​Have we got Waterfalls!
The Columbia River Gorge is famous for its falls – 77 on the Oregon side alone, the largest concentration in North America.  They come in all shapes and sizes.  Waterfall watchers classify them into eight forms – plunge, horsetail, fan, cascade, punchbowl, block, tier and segmented.  You can see examples of most of these waterfall shapes on your tour of the Columbia River Gorge & Historic Columbia River Highway . . .
A CASCADE tumbles along a series of rock steps.  You’ll find a fine model by following the trailhead to upper Multmomah Falls, near the junction with Wahkeena Trail, #420, and Shepperd's Dell (right)
​Image: Author: King of Hearts
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A PLUNGE drops vertically and away from the Cliffside, losing contact with bedrock.  Multnomah Falls (left) is a classic example and so is Latourell falls & Upper Latourell Falls and Metlako Falls in the Eagle Creek area.
​Attribution: Gary Halvorson, Oregon State Archives

A BLOCK pours over a wide section of a stream.  Wahkeena (middle of image below, behind bridge) and Dutchman Falls (right) along Multnomah Creek are a block shape. ​
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"Middle Dutchman Falls, Oregon" by Bonnie Moreland (free images) is licensed under CC PDM 1.0

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A TIER falls, then falls, then falls again.  It has several “tiers” – separate falls that can all be viewed all at once.  Wahkeena (left) is tiered as well as Bridal Veil (tiered horsetail), & Multnomah (tiered plunge)
​Image: Author: Another Believer

A HORSETAIL looks just like a horsetail.  Dropping vertically, it maintains contact with bedrock.  Oneanta and Horsetail Falls (right) are good examples, as well as Bridal Veil (tiered horsetail).
​Image: Author: Mike Fisher
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PUNCHBOWLS pour out of a narrow opening in the stream and into a pool.  Ponytail Falls* above Horsetail falls and Punchbowl Falls (left) on Eagle Creek Trail features a viewpoint and bench, the perfect rest stop.
"Punchbowl Falls" by darekfarmer is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

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*Advance notice is required to see Ponytail Falls.

A FAN descends from a stream above and is similar to a horsetail but it gets broader or “fans out’ at the bottom.  Fairy Falls (right) above Wahkeena Falls is a good example.
"Fairy Falls in Oregon by Michael Matti" by Michael Matti is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0
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SEGMENTS separate into several parts. Triple Falls (left) above Horsetail Falls is an example.
"Triple Falls" by mph is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
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